Estimating road transport costs between and within European Union regions

Estimating Urban Road Congestion Costs

Economists wishing to analyse road congestion and road pricing have usually relied on linkbased speed-flow relationships. These may provide a poor description of urban congestion, which mainly arises from delays at intersections. Using the simulation model SATURN, we investigate the second-best proportional traffic reduction and find that linear speed-flow relations describe network flows quite...

Estimating burden and disease costs of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the European union.

CONTEXT Rapidly increasing evidence has documented that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute substantially to disease and disability. OBJECTIVE The objective was to quantify a range of health and economic costs that can be reasonably attributed to EDC exposures in the European Union (EU). DESIGN A Steering Committee of scientists adapted the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch...

Monetary Union Its Costs

Interjurisdictional Competition Within the European Union

Part I of this Essay shows that two central principles of the EC, namely mobility between Member States and decentralization of economic policies (subsidiarity), imply that Member States and other lower-level jurisdictions necessarily are in competition with one another (locational competition). Part II presents an outline of a theory of interjurisdictional competition that suggests, first, tha...

Higher Education Internationalization in European Union

Background: Nowadays, the wordwide trend for becoming most competitive and the most dynamic knowledge based economy is the responsibility of universities. The European Union is moving in this direction for global competitiveness, the retrieval process and brain circulation and income generation. This study, aimed to evaluate the internationalization trend of higher education in Europe. Me...